Good morning in English

Good morning is an English expression used when greeting someone first thing in the morning. It’s light and casual but appropriate to use in virtually all settings, whether communicating with your boss, a loved one, a stranger, or anyone else. 

Although good morning can stand on its own as a greeting, it can also function as a noun phrase within a sentence, with “morning” serving as the noun and “good” serving as the adjective that modifies it. In this case, “good” can be replaced with any other adjective when describing a morning.

Is it goodmorning or good morning?

The correct spelling is always good morning, never goodmorning. 

The confusion may arise because good night is sometimes informally spelled as goodnight when used as an exclamation when parting ways with someone in the evening or before going to sleep.

Although goodnight is acceptable in some cases, goodmorning is not. 

Other ways to say good morning

If you’d like to expand your vocabulary and learn different ways to say good morning, try using any of the following alternatives. But remember that context matters! Some good morning synonyms are appropriate to use only in certain settings. 

1. ‘Morning or G’morning

Think of ‘morning or g’morning as a contraction for good morning. It’s typically used in casual conversations. It’s also acceptable to use in formal situations, so long as it’s spoken (many people naturally shorten good morning to either of these options). Avoid these alternatives when writing formal emails. 

2. Top of the morning to you

Top of the morning is an incredibly old-fashioned and formal way to say good morning. However, it’s sometimes still used in a silly and purposely pompous manner.

3. Rise and shine

Rise and shine is a colloquial expression that can be used in place of good morning. It’s mostly used when in the process of waking someone up as a way to tell them, “It’s time to get up and be active.”

4. Wakey, wakey

Wakey, wakey is an appropriate alternative to good morning when communicating with a child, but it can also be used when trying to be humorous or light-hearted with a friend or loved one. 

5. Happy morning to you

Happy morning to you is a unique and friendly way to send someone good morning greetings. It’s similar to saying happy birthday in that it expresses that you hope someone is having a pleasant morning. It’s best to reserve this alternative for use with friends and family. 

6. What a glorious morning

What a glorious morning is a fun and delightful way to greet others during the morning. However, it doesn’t work in exactly the same way as good morning but instead serves as a way to show enthusiasm or appreciation for the day ahead. 

7. Buenos días

Impress your friends or colleagues by saying buenos días, which is the Spanish phrase for good morning. It’s pronounced “bway-nos-dee-ahs.” This alternative is suitable for casual, everyday conversations.

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Onomatopoeia refers to both the process of creating words that imitate the sounds they represent and the words themselves (e.g., the “buzz” of a bee). This word is often incorrectly spelled as “onomonopoia.” 

Onomatopoeia is frequently found in creative writing, like children’s books, comic books, and stories, to help provide vivid imagery and enhance the reader’s visualization of the text. 

Additionally, onomatopoeia is an ever-evolving and expanding part of language. There are many English words used in everyday conversations that started off strictly as onomatopoeia but eventually became less directly associated with their sound-based origins and became words with distinct meanings and uses (e.g., “cliché” and “cough”). 

Onomatopoeia meaning

“Onomatopoeia” is defined as both the “creation of words that resemble the sounds they represent” and “words created using onomatopoeia.” Simply put, “onomatopoeia” refers to the process of forming these words and the words themselves. 

Examples of onomatopoeia include “ha-ha” (which mimics the sound of laughter), “meow” (which imitates the sound a cat makes), and “boom” (which resembles the sound of an explosion). 

It’s important to note that onomatopoeia is not unique to English; many languages incorporate onomatopoeia. However, the spelling of words used to imitate the sound being referred to varies based on linguistics. For example, in English, “woof woof” represents the bark of a dog, but it’s “guau guau” in Spanish, “wuff wuff” in German, and “bau bau” in Italian. 

How to pronounce onomatopoeia 

Not only is “onomatopoeia” hard to spell, but it’s also difficult to pronounce. This word is often misspelled as “onomonopia” and mispronounced as “aw-no-maw-no-pee-a.” However, the correct pronunciation is “aw-nuh-maa-tuh-pee-uh” (/ˌɑnəˌmætəˈpiːə/).

Onomatopoeia examples

Onomatopoeia is sometimes colloquially referred to as “sound words.” There are countless examples of onomatopoeia in English, representing various types of sounds. 

Animal sounds

Human sounds

Machine sounds

Nature sounds

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Hardworking (also spelled hard-working) is an adjective that describes someone or something as “constantly putting engaged and strenuous effort into a job or task.” 

The word “hardworking” is commonly used in resumes to convey that an individual is ambitious and resolute, making them an ideal candidate to hire. 

Example: Using hardworking in a resume

A hardworking problem solver who thrives in project management, negotiations, and customer service with a keen attention to detail and commitment to excellence

Synonyms for hardworking

Although being hardworking is a great characteristic to have and want to showcase in a resume, like the phrase “team player,” it is quite overused.

If you want your resume (or cover letter) to stand out, try incorporating these words below. Although they’re not all direct synonyms, they can enhance the descriptions in your resume by vividly illustrating what type of hardworking person you are. 

1. Committed

Someone who is committed gives their time, energy, and loyalty to what they’re working on while striving to reach goals, solve problems, and make improvements.

Committed customer service representative who specializes in enhancing customer satisfaction, experience, and retention. 

2. Dedicated

A dedicated individual is one who is devoted to their work and shows this through their actions, efficiency, and perseverance.

Dedicated sales professional with an impressive track record of consistently exceeding quarterly targets. 

3. Diligent

To be diligent means to consistently give maximum effort to your duties or tasks while maintaining a high level of attention to detail.

Diligent market strategist with a keen eye on financial trends and investment opportunities. 

4. Driven

Someone who is driven is motivated to succeed, passionate about working hard, and doesn’t depend on others to instruct them on every task.

Driven SEO specialist who has experience creating successful campaigns that have significantly increased brand awareness.

5. Efficient

An efficient individual uses their time and energy wisely to get as much done as quickly and productively as possible with minimal mistakes.

Efficient team leader who strives to keep others motivated and informed in order to execute complex projects on time and within budget. 

6. Enthusiastic

An enthusiastic person is optimistic, energetic, and works hard to achieve not only because they have to but also because they enjoy doing so.

Enthusiastic copywriter who is committed to contributing to a positive and dynamic work environment. 

7. Meticulous

To be meticulous means to be extremely attentive when it comes to details, regardless of how big or small.

Meticulous fashion designer known for creativity and originality, with a desire to drive fashion trends towards sustainability. 

8. Motivated

Someone who is motivated is constantly compelled by their own will to reach goals and attain success.

Motivated graphic designer known for precision and innovation in visual branding and marketing. 

9. Productive

To be productive means to work efficiently to complete many tasks and duties in a timely manner to produce positive results.

Productive sales associate, passionate about increasing profits while maintaining a high level of customer satisfaction. 

10. Resourceful

A resourceful individual can solve problems on their own and use what’s available to complete their work effectively.

Resourceful IT specialist who thrives on solving complex technical issues with innovative solutions. 

11. Tenacious

Someone who is tenacious is bold, determined, and doesn’t give up easily when faced with obstacles or challenges.

Tenacious lawyer who fights passionately to secure favorable terms and win cases for underprivileged clients.

Thank you in advance is a phrase many people use in their business emails, typically after they’ve made a request. A variant of this phrase is thanks in advance, but both are used in similar contexts.

Is it okay to say thank you in advance?

Some claim that using the phrase thank you in advance is rude because it implies that the sender of the email expects the receiver to fulfill their request. In other words, it doesn’t give them the option to say “yes” or “no.” In theory, this makes sense. On the other hand, we’ve never come across anyone who has literally felt personally offended by this phrase. 

However, it can be argued that thank you in advance is unnecessarily wordy because, more often than not, a simple “thank you” is enough. That being said, there are contexts in which saying thank you in advance is acceptable and other times in which it should be avoided.

For example, saying thank you in advance is appropriate when:

• Making routine requests: It’s acceptable to use this phrase when requesting small, routine favors or tasks, especially when the recipient is expected to comply as part of their job. 
• Collaborating on a project: If you are collaborating with other team members on a project, then using this phrase is unproblematic, as everyone is expected to contribute and help each other regularly. 
• After giving instructions to team members: As a team leader, it’s safe to presume that the team members are going to follow your instructions, making the use of this phrase appropriate. 

It’s best to avoid saying thank you in advance when:

• Making a sensitive or big request: Don’t use this phrase when asking for big favors or requests that require significant effort, as it might come off as audacious. 
• Communicating with a supervisor: Don’t expect your supervisor to automatically fulfill any task or favor you request; instead, ask if they can, and thank them for their time. 
• Communicating with a client: Clients ask you for favors and requests, not the other way around. Using this phrase when communicating with clients may come off as presumptuous.

Thank you in advance synonyms

Remember, context matters. When deciding which alternative phrase to use, make sure it fits the rest of the email.

1. Any guidance you can provide would be invaluable. 

Use this phrase to express gratitude for the recipient’s expertise, insight, or guidance. It conveys that you’re appreciative of any assistance they’d be able to provide. 

2. I appreciate any support you can provide on this. 

This phrase acknowledges that the recipient may have limitations on how much they can help, but that you’re still grateful for their support on the matter. 

3. In any case, thank you. 

This phrase allows you to clearly convey your appreciation, even if the recipient is not able to offer any help or guidance.

4. I’m grateful for whatever support you can offer. 

Use this alternative phrase when you’re uncertain about the extent of assistance the recipient can provide but still want to show that any level of support is appreciated. 

5. Many thanks for your attention to this matter.

This alternative expresses deep appreciation for the recipient's time and attention to your email and is especially appropriate when making urgent or significant requests.

6. Thank you for any assistance you’re able to provide. 

Again, this phrase expresses that you are thankful for the recipient’s guidance and implies that even minimal assistance is appreciated.  

7. Thank you for any help you can offer. 

This alternative phrase implies that you’re open to and appreciative of any form of help, whether big or small. 

8. Thank you for considering this request. 

This phrase expresses that you’re aware that the recipient may not be able to help but that you appreciate them taking the time to consider it either way. 

9. Thank you for your time. 

This classic business email sign-off is appropriate for various types of interactions, whether making a request or not. It thanks the recipient for taking the time to read your email, acknowledging that their time is valuable. 

10. Your cooperation would be highly appreciated. 

This phrase is often used in more formal or professional emails and expresses gratitude in advance. It’s especially useful when the request is more dire. 

11. Your help in this matter would be greatly appreciated. 

This alternative is suitable when the request is more urgent or serious, while still expressing gratitude for any assistance that the recipient can provide.

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“Going forward” is a popular business phrase that is commonly used to refer to future actions or strategies. It is frequently used to imply a change or progression from the current state.

Going forward synonyms

It’s important to note that “going forward” can also be used in a literal sense. For example, in a physical context, “going forward” indicates the actual movement of moving ahead, such as in the sentence “After a long pause, the driver decided it was safe to start going forward again.”

However, the synonyms below are intended to replace “going forward” in the business context, meaning “from this point on.”

1. As we move forward

As we move forward, let’s prioritize customer feedback.

2. As we proceed

As we proceed, please ensure all reports are fact-checked before submission. 

3. From here on out

From here on out, all team meetings will be held once a month instead of once a week. 

4. From now on

From now on, expense reports must be submitted to Katherine. 

5.  From this point forward

From this point forward, let’s align our strategies with the new policies. 

6. In the future

In the future, let’s focus on enhancing our marketing strategy. 

7. Moving forward

Moving forward, we’ll be implementing a flexible work schedule

A paradox is a statement or concept that contradicts itself or is opposed to common sense. Paradoxical statements can be completely baffling while still expressing a possible truth.

For example, the expression “less is more” is a paradox because it contains two words that directly contradict each other: “less” and “more.” However, the statement itself conveys a complex belief that is generally accepted as true—sometimes, having a smaller quantity of something can be more effective, productive, or freeing than having a large amount of it.

Paradox meaning

Paradoxes are self-contradictory, seemingly illogical statements or concepts. They are constructed in a way that forces the audience to think beyond the literal meaning of the words that compose them. 

Paradoxes are typically made up of one or more of the following elements, which are essential to their perplexing structure:

• Self-reference: Occurs when a statement, concept, or formula refers back to itself. 
• Contradiction: Arises when a statement, concept, or formula contains components that directly oppose each other. 
• Circular reasoning: Involves a statement, concept, or formula that relies on its own conclusion as its premise, creating an infinite loop that fails to provide a conclusion or solution.

Paradox examples

Paradoxes can be found in many areas of life, including logic, philosophy, literature, and art. The examples below all contain at least one of the common elements that make up paradoxes.

Paradox in logic

A logical paradox is a statement or situation that, while following the rules of logic, leads to no correct conclusion or solution and appears to be both true and false at the same time.

Paradox in philosophy

A philosophical paradox invokes deep analytical thinking and reflection by challenging established principles. Philosophical paradoxes explore broader conceptual and existential questions and reveal limitations in our understanding of complex concepts.

Paradox in literature

In literature, paradoxes are used as a literary device that reveals a hidden truth despite its self-contradiction. Writers frequently use paradoxes to engage readers and provoke deep thought.

Paradox in art and media

Paradoxes can also be found in art and media as a way to engage with an audience. They contain memorable and thought-provoking contradictions and ambiguities that challenge perceptions.

How to use paradox in a sentence

In everyday language, the word “paradox” is used to refer to a statement or situation that is ironic or unexpected, like when sleeping too much leaves one more tired than if they had slept less.

A truism is an obvious statement that, although true, provides no helpful or interesting insights. Truisms are often used to express common wisdom, but they are so self-evident and undeniable that they can be considered unnecessary. 

For example, imagine someone losing a championship game, and someone says to them, “You win some, you lose some.” Not only is this statement incontestably true, but it is also not helpful at all and would be better off unsaid.

Truism examples

Truisms are incredibly common, especially in casual conversation. Below, you’ll find a few examples of truisms.

Truism as a rhetorical device

Although truisms are often considered meaningless, they are sometimes purposefully used as a rhetorical device to help establish common ground and simplify complex ideas. 

For example, “Everyone makes mistakes” is a truism because it states an obvious truth. However, it also helps foster a forgiving and understanding atmosphere, which is particularly beneficial in situations where there is a lot of tension due to someone’s errors.

Additionally, the truism “Money can’t buy happiness” simplifies the complex belief that life is about so much more than just making money. 

Another benefit of using truisms when appropriate is that they’re usually short, simple, and memorable, which increases the likelihood that your audience will remember the message you’re trying to convey.

Types of truisms

Although there are significant overlaps, aphorisms, bromides, clichés, and platitudes have enough nuances to be considered distinct types of truisms. 

• Aphorism: A concise expression of a general truth or principle that is typically handed down from generation to generation (e.g., “Imitation is the highest form of flattery”). 
• Bromide: A trite and unoriginal phrase that is meant to be soothing or comforting (e.g., “It always gets worse before it gets better”). 
• Cliché: An overused expression that, although truthful, no longer has the impact it once had due to its lack of originality (e.g., “Beautiful as a rose”). 
• Platitude: A statement with moral or inspirational content that lacks depth due to its obviousness and overuse (e.g., “Time heals all wounds”).

Quick Summary

Sounds good is a phrase that expresses agreement or acceptance. There are many other ways to say sounds good, including:

• I’m on board. (professional alternative)
• Cool, let’s do it. (casual alternative)

What does "sound good" mean?

Sounds good is an expression that indicates agreement or approval of a plan, statement, or opinion. It’s a colloquial phrase that is typically used among friends or in other casual settings.

While it’s considered informal, it’s not uncommon to hear it in professional contexts.

Other ways to say “sounds good”

It’s important to remember that context matters. Some alternative phrases will work better than others, depending on what you’re responding to. Take a look at the examples to ensure you’re using the synonyms correctly.

Professional synonyms

Sounds good is a casual, yet acceptable, phrase that is used in formal and professional settings. 

However, if you want to incorporate a more advanced vocabulary, consider using any of the following synonyms below.

1. I’m looking forward to it. 

Person A: All the finishing details have been taken care of, and the charity drive will go on as usual.  

Person B: Awesome. I’m looking forward to it. 

2. I’m on board. 

Person A: We believe that the best thing to do is to send out a press release right away.  

Person B: I’m on board. 

3. I’m pleased with this proposal. 

Person A: We’d recommend a strategic partnership with them to increase our market share. 

Person B: I’m pleased with this proposal. 

4. This looks like a solid plan.  

Person A: We will increase ad spending to target new and larger demographics.  

Person B: This looks like a solid plan. 

5. This fits perfectly with our goals. 

Person A: Implementing flexible work hours can increase team morale and productivity. 

Person B: Agreed. This fits perfectly with our goals.

Casual synonyms

Sounds good can be considered an overused phrase. If you’d like to switch up your vocabulary, use any of the following phrases below. 

Remember, these synonyms work best in casual situations, like when talking to a friend. 

6. Sure thing. 

Person A: Can you bring me some food, please? I’m hungry. 

Person B: Sure thing!

7. Works for me. 

Person A: We’re doing dinner at 8 p.m. and then going to the movies at 10. 

Person B: Awesome! Works for me. 

8. Cool, let’s do it.  

Person A: I’m thinking we can go to the water park on Sunday. 

Person B: Cool, let’s do it. 

9. Fine by me.  

Person A: Do you mind if we pass by my grandma’s so I can drop off a gift?

Person B: Fine by me. 

10. Count me in.  

Person A: We’re taking the kids trick or treating later in the evening. Want to join?

Person B: Yes, count me in. 

11. Sounds like a plan. 

Person A: We have a lot of fun activities scheduled for tomorrow.  

Person B: Sounds like a plan.

While there’s certainly nothing wrong with using the phrase sounds good, it’s worth noting that variety in language can enhance your communication, especially in professional settings. 

If you’re writing an email to your boss or notice a tendency to overuse this phrase, exploring the synonyms we’ve provided can enrich your vocabulary and strengthen your communication skills.

Table of Contents

How to use “at your earliest convenience”

Ten alternatives for “at your earliest convenience”

Avoid “at my earliest convenience”

At your earliest convenience is a common business phrase that means “as soon as you possibly can without imposing on your urgent tasks.” 

Please inform me of your decision at your earliest convenience. 

Although it is a polite expression, it can be easily misinterpreted. We’ll explain more below. 

How to use “at your earliest convenience”

The expression at your earliest convenience is typically found towards the end of business emails or messages when one is requesting something.

Dear Jeff,

The charity drive was a success! Thank you for all your hard work. The next step is to send all the photographs to the attendees. Can you please upload and send me those files at your earliest convenience?

Thanks again,
Jorge

At your earliest convenience is polite and formal and can mean “whenever you can” or “as soon as possible.” And that’s where the problem arises—it can easily lead to miscommunication. 

For example, imagine you need your coworker’s help with something. If you end the email with “…at your earliest convenience,” they may not know if your request is urgent or if they can get to it at a later time. 

Ten alternatives for “at your earliest convenience”

Fortunately, there are several synonymous phrases you can use that will help remove ambiguity from your writing. 

Urgent Request

If you need something done urgently, you can use any of the following options: 

1. As soon as possible

Can you please reply to the customer’s email as soon as possible? 

2. As promptly as you can 

Kindly mail out the package as promptly as you can. 

3. With prompt attention

This needs to be resolved with prompt attention. 

4. Without undue delay

Please inform me of your decision without undue delay.

5. Specific date/time

Let’s discuss this on Monday, March 18th, at 3:00 PM. 

Non-urgent Request

If your request is not time-critical, consider using any of the following alternatives for more straightforward communication: 

6. At a time that works for you

Let’s meet and brainstorm at a time that works best for you. 

7. When you find a moment

Please return her phone call when you find a moment. 

8. When your schedule permits

We should talk about this over lunch when your schedule permits. 

9. Whenever you can

Please let me know what your thoughts are on this whenever you can. 

10. Whenever you have time

I would love to pick your brain on the merger whenever you have time. 

Avoid “At My Earliest Convenience” 

Perhaps you’ve come across the expression at my earliest convenience and are curious whether it’s suitable for business communication. We suggest you avoid using this phrase. 

Yes, it means “as soon as I can.” However, just like as per my last email, it can come off as rude because it can be misinterpreted as “I’ll get to that whenever I complete my more important tasks.” 

We’re sure that’s not what you mean, but to avoid any misunderstandings, you can use any of the following alternatives found below:

1. As soon as I can

I’ll call you back as soon as I can. 

2. As soon as possible

I’ll revise the draft and send it back to you as soon as possible.

3. Whenever I get the chance

I’m swamped, but I’ll make sure to complete that whenever I get the chance. 

4. As quickly as I can manage

That’ll be completed as quickly as I can manage. 

5. Once I am free to do so

I’ll respond with a more detailed answer once I am free to do so. 

Quick Summary

Pros and cons means “advantages and disadvantages.” This phrase is used when carefully considering the good and bad points of something.

For example, regarding solar energy, the pros are that it produces less pollution and doesn’t contribute to a rise in CO2 in the atmosphere. However, the cons are that it has a high initial cost and is less reliable.

• After weighing the pros and cons, the community voted to postpone the solar panel project.

What does pros and cons mean?

The pros and cons of something are the arguments for and against it. When you’re considering the pros and cons of something, you’re thinking about its good and bad points. 

The phrase pros and cons came from the Latin words “prō,” which means “for” and indicates favor towards something, and “contrā,” which means against, indicating opposition.

I should make a list of pros and cons before making my final decision. 

My boss told us to weigh the pros and cons before deciding what to do with the project. 

After thinking about the pros and cons, it made more sense for me to retire. 

Pros and cons is typically used as a plural noun; it would be unusual to list the “pro and con” of something. Additionally, the word “of” frequently follows the phrase pros and cons, but it is not always required. 

However, the words pro and con can be used independently to refer to a singular advantage or disadvantage. 

One major pro of social media is the ability to keep in touch with friends and family worldwide. 

A significant con of social media is its impact on mental health. 

Why writing a pros and cons list is helpful 

Writing a pros and cons list is simple. All you have to do is consider the positive and negative outcomes of a particular decision. 

There are many benefits to writing a pros and cons list. First, it forces you to slow down and think things through. Often, when we’re stressed about having to make a choice, we can be impulsive, which can lead to a bad decision. 

Pausing to write a pros and cons list helps organize erratic thoughts. It shifts your perspective from short-sighted to far-sighted, allowing you to envision possibilities.

A pros and cons list can also help you feel more secure in your judgment because you’ll know what to expect, regardless of which decision you make.

Examples of pros and cons

Synonyms for pros and cons

Here are five phrases you can use as synonyms for pros and cons. 

1. Advantages and disadvantages

There are many advantages and disadvantages to delaying the start of construction by three months. 

2. Benefits and drawbacks

It was easy for us to decide because we made a list of benefits and drawbacks. 

3. Strengths and weaknesses

He had many strengths and weaknesses, but we chose to hire him, and it ended up being a great decision. 

4. Positives and negatives

There are positives and negatives to almost every decision we make. 

5. Upsides and downsides

She wanted to know what the upsides and downsides were to starting college a year early. 

While synonymous phrases exist, the term pros and cons is widely understood and accepted. Remember, understanding what pros and cons means and applying it to your decision-making process is an invaluable skill. 

Not only will you be able to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various situations, but you’ll also be more informed and balanced in your critical thinking. 

Quick Summary

On the other hand is an idiom that means “alternatively.” It introduces a perspective or opinion that contrasts with a previous statement.

• I’m craving pizza. On the other hand, salad is a much healthier option.

A synonym you can use in place of on the other hand that fits this context is however.

• I’m craving pizza. However, salad is a much healthier option.

If it’s not the difficult grammar rules, it’s the seemingly nonsensical expressions that make English such a difficult language to master. 

We’ll help make it a bit easier to understand by explaining what the phrase on the other hand means and providing synonyms that are more appropriate for formal settings. 

Let’s get started!

What Does “On the Other Hand” Mean?

On the other hand is an idiom that introduces a perspective, opinion, or alternative that contrasts with a previous statement. 

For example, imagine that you and a friend are deciding whether to go to New York or California for vacation. As you weigh the pros and cons of each destination, the phrase indicates that what you’re about to state is worth considering, regardless if it differs from what you just said. 

California is warmer this time of year, but on the other hand, New York is much more festive.

Remember, idioms are figurative expressions. Their meanings cannot be inferred from the literal interpretations of the individual words. For instance, the phrase “under the weather” means “feeling unwell,” but the only way to know that is through familiarization.

As for on the other hand, it’s helpful to visualize this idiom as a metaphor presenting contrasting options: one in each hand. 

Confusing? Yes. But you can still learn how to master its correct usage with guidance and practice.

How To Use “On the Other Hand”

It’s worth noting that this idiom is sometimes used as part of a set: on one hand and on the other hand. 

On one hand, sunny weather during the winter seems lovely. On the other hand, I can’t imagine a snowless Christmas. 

Although it’s common to use on the other hand by itself, it’s unusual to use on one hand without the accompanying phrase.

Additionally, when used in written contexts, on the other hand is always followed by a comma. 

The flight to New York is only three hours. On the other hand, the flight to California takes six hours. 

I have never been to California, but on the other hand, it would be nice to see my family in Brooklyn. 

Pete prefers the Los Angeles restaurant scene; on the other hand, to me, nothing beats the NYC culinary scene. 

On the other hand is typically used in casual or semiformal conversations. It’s not uncommon to hear it at work among colleagues, but it should be avoided in formal writing.

Seven Synonyms for “On the Other Hand”

You should avoid using on the other hand in professional and academic writing. Instead, you can use any of the following alternatives:

1. Alternatively

I thought the movie was great; alternatively, Caleb said the book was much better. 

2. Conversely

The first part of the hike was easy. Conversely, the second part was more challenging than I thought it would be. 

3. However

I want to go to the park; however, the forecast predicts some rain. 

4. In contrast

Julie loves hip-hop. In contrast, her brother prefers classic rock. 

5. Nevertheless

The path was steep; nevertheless, we reached the summit safely. 

6. On the contrary

Miami is too hot during the summer. On the contrary, the weather in Maine is gorgeous! 

7. Yet

Successful entrepreneurs experience many failures, yet they continue to pursue their goals. 

In a nutshell, on the other hand is an idiom that is used to present a differing option, perspective, or opinion. Although it’s common in casual conversations, it’s best to avoid using it in formal writing.

Quick Summary

When using multiple adjectives in a sentence, the correct order to follow is:

1. Determiner (e.g., a, an, the, your, each)
2. Quantity (e.g., one, three, many, few)
3. Opinion (e.g., ugly, cute, precious)
4. Size (e.g., big, small, tiny)
5. Age (e.g., young, old)
6. Shape (e.g., round, square, rectangular)
7. Color (e.g., red, pink, orange)
8. Origin (e.g., American, South African, Korean)
9. Material (e.g., silk, plastic, wooden)
10. Purpose or qualifier (e.g., wedding dress, travel journal)

For example:

• The beautiful white wedding dress caught my attention.

What Is the Correct Order of Adjectives in English?

The correct format to follow when using multiple adjectives in a sentence is determiner, quantity, opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose. 

So, while this sentence may sound natural to English speakers:

This one may not:

It seems easy enough, right? It is! But if you truly want to thoroughly understand proper adjective order, then there are a few more topics that must be reviewed, including adjective placement, determiners, and using commas with coordinate and cumulative adjectives.

Exceptions

As with most English rules, there are exceptions to the order of adjectives. For example, phrases like “big bad wolf” persist through usage despite not following the typical sequence, which would otherwise render it “bad big wolf.”

Additionally, compound adjectives such as “ice-cold” also break the rules by merging words into a unit that conveys a singular idea. We say “ice-cold lemonade” instead of “cold ice lemonade” because “ice-cold” specifically describes the extreme chill of the drink, which shows how these exceptions are understood despite deviating from the norm. 

Proper Adjective Placement

Adjectives can be placed before or after a noun. When used after a noun, it must be preceded by a linking verb (e.g., the forms of to be). 

That’s a fluffy dog. 

That dog is fluffy. 

But what if it’s a fluffy American dog? Does a comma have to separate the adjectives? 

No, and we’ll tell you why below. 

Coordinate and Cumulative Adjectives

When two or more adjectives belong to the same category, such as cute and friendly, which are both opinion-based, they are classified as coordinate adjectives. 

Coordinate adjectives must be separated by commas but can be placed in any order. 

When two or more adjectives belong to different categories, they are known as cumulative adjectives. In the example sentence below, cute is an opinion adjective, whereas American indicates the origin. 

That’s a cute American dog.

Cumulative adjectives do not need to be separated by a comma. However, they must adhere to the proper order mentioned in the first section of this post. An incorrect order results in an unnatural-sounding sentence. 

If you’re uncertain about using coordinate or cumulative adjectives, test them by inserting “and” between them. If the sentence remains coherent, they’re coordinate adjectives; if not, they’re cumulative.

Please note that adjectives are only categorized as coordinate or cumulative when used before a noun. Adjectives placed after a noun and linking verb are always separated by commas, regardless of category. 

The dog is cute, friendly, and brown. 

Determiners and Adjective Order

It’s important to distinguish that determiners are not technically adjectives. However, they’re similar in the sense that they can indicate how many and which nouns are being modified. 

That man

Her dream

Each ticket

It is incorrect to put a comma between a determiner and its adjectives. 

A, an, and the are types of determiners known as articles. They help specify whether a noun is specific or general. Articles are typically placed before adjectives, although they can sometimes be separated by an adverb (e.g., the very tall building).

Numbers modifying a noun are also classified as determiners and are usually positioned right before the noun. When using both an article and a number, the number comes right after the article. Additionally, terms like few, many, or all can indicate quantity. 

Simply put, the correct format to use when combining articles, numbers, and adjectives is: 

[article] + [number/quantity] + [adjective] + [noun] + [remainder of the sentence]

Please note that only the definite article (the) is typically used before a specific cardinal number (one, two, three, etc.) when referring to a particular item. However, when a number is part of a compound adjective, either a definite or indefinite article can be used, depending on whether you’re referring to a specific item or any item of that type.

Yet, both definite and indefinite articles (a, an) are commonly used before ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.).

Adjective Order in English (With Explanation and Examples)

Now that we’ve gone over coordinate and cumulative adjectives, as well as articles and numbers, we can finally elaborate on the different types of adjectives and their correct order. 

1. Determiner

Remember, determiners specify which nouns are being modified. A few examples include:

A

The

Your

Each

2. Quantity

After determiners comes the number or word that indicates the quantity of nouns being described, such as: 

One

Three

Few

A lot

3. Opinion

Opinion adjectives are all subjective, meaning they are based on individual perspectives and not on facts. Some examples include: 

Beautiful

Ugly

Mean

Pleasant

4. Size

Size adjectives describe the dimensions or magnitude of a noun, such as: 

Tiny

Small

Massive

Tall

5. Age

Age adjectives describe the age-related conditions of a noun, such as:

Old

Young

New

Ancient

6. Shape

Shape adjectives describe the form or configuration of a noun, such as: 

Round

Square

Oval

Rectangular

7. Color

Color adjectives specify the hue or appearance of a noun, using terms like: 

Aqua

Pink

Orange

Red

8. Origin

Origin adjectives indicate the source or nationality of a noun, such as: 

Asian

American

Saudi Arabian

Colombian

9. Material

Material adjectives describe what an object is made from, using words like: 

Plastic

Wooden

Metallic

Cotton

10. Purpose 

Purpose adjectives indicate the intended use or function of a noun, such as:

Running shoes

Sleeping bag

Sketching notebook

Dining table

However, it’s crucial to remember that using an excess of adjectives, particularly in a single sentence, is not recommended. Only include adjectives that are essential for the reader’s understanding. 

Take a look at the following examples:

The elegant black Italian leather winter jacket kept me warm.

The elegant winter jacket kept me warm. 

The first sentence is lengthy and complex, while the second is more concise yet still creates a vivid image. As a writer, your challenge is to strike the right balance in adjective usage. 

Quick Summary

Malapropisms occur when someone uses an incorrect word instead of another similar-sounding one, resulting in a nonsensical, often humorous sentence. An example of malapropism is when someone says, “dance a flamingo” instead of “dance a flamenco.”

Have you ever heard someone say something that sounded just a bit…off? The entire sentence was perfect, but then one word confused you into Bolivian? Whoops, we mean oblivion! These types of mistakes are called malapropisms and are as interesting as they are amusing! Below, we’ll explain what malapropisms are and how the term originated. We will also provide helpful (and funny) examples to help you get a more in-depth understanding of these quizzical mishaps. 

Let’s begin! 

“Malapropism” Definition

Malapropism is the incorrect use of one word instead of another similar-sounding one, either accidentally or deliberately, for comedic effect. An example of malapropism is calling someone a wolf in cheap clothing instead of a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 

Keep in mind that the defining characteristic of malapropism is the use of a word that sounds similar to the original and correct word but renders the phrase ridiculous or nonsensical. To clarify, saying historical (“pertaining to history”) instead of historic (“important in history) is not a malapropism. However, using the word hysterical (“extremely funny or emotional”) when you mean historical is malapropism. 

Origin of “Malapropism”

In 1775, Richard Brinsley Sheridan wrote a play titled The Rivals. In it, a character named Mrs. Malaprop frequently and humorously commits verbal gaffes as she mistakenly uses one word instead of another. For example, she once described a man as the “pineapple of politeness” instead of the “pinnacle of politeness.” Sheridan took inspiration for this character’s name from the French loanword malapropos (originally “mal à propos”), which means “inappropriate or inopportune.” 

Let’s break down the grammar of malapropism and its related words. 

Malapropism is a noun that refers to linguistic blunders when one uses the wrong word in place of another in a phrase or sentence.

She is known for her constant use of malapropisms. 

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, malapropos can function as an adjective or adverb. As we stated earlier, it means “inappropriately.”

Adjective: His malapropos remarks were not well-received. 

Adverb: She arrived malapropos just as the presenter started speaking. 

Then there’s the word malaprop. As a noun, it means “an example of malapropism,” and as an adjective, it means “marked by the use of malapropisms.”

Noun: Sometimes, her entire repertoire of phrases seems to consist only of malaprops. 

Adjective: The conversation was full of malaprop humor. 

“Malapropism” Examples

Malapropisms often occur as errors in natural speech. Put simply, people typically say malapropisms unintentionally. However, they’re sometimes purposely used in writing for comedic effects. Find some examples below. 

Malapropisms in Literature

I was most putrified with astonishment when you gave me that smack.
—The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
(The correct word is petrified.) 

Our watch, sir, have indeed comprehended two auspicious persons.
—Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare
(The correct words are apprehended and suspicious, respectively.) 

The Exhausted Ruler
—Sons of the Desert by Stan Laurel
(The correct word is exalted.) 

The bride and glum…
—The Young Immigrunts by Ring Lardner
(The correct word is groom). 

Real-life Malapropisms

Malapropisms regularly happen in real life, too. Here are a few humorous examples: 

Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott once stated that no one “is the suppository of all wisdom” instead of saying repository or depository. 

Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley incorrectly referred to Alcoholics Anonymous as Alcoholics Unanimous. 

Yogi Berra once said, “He hits from both sides of the plate. He’s amphibious” instead of saying ambidextrous. 

US congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Green mistakenly said, “fragrantly violated” instead of “flagrantly violated.” 

Avoid These Potential Malapropisms

Malapropisms that occur in real life tend to be remembered. Below are a few pairs of words that you should know well to avoid embarrassing blunders. 

Erratic vs. Erotic

Erratic: “Unpredictable or inconstant”

Erotic: “Relating to sexual excitement or desire”

Incredible vs. Incredulous

Incredible: “Extraordinary or wonderful” 

Incredulous: “Unable to believe something”

Martial vs. Marital

Marital: “Relating to marriage” 

Martial: “Suited for war or a warrior”

Prosperous vs. Preposterous

Prosperous: “Marked by success or financial well-being”

Preposterous: “Absurd or contrary to reason or common sense”

Stature vs. Statue

Statue: “A three-dimensional representation of someone or something”

Stature: “Natural height” or “status gained by growth or achievement” 

If the thought of accidentally using a malapropism keeps you up at night, consider entrusting LanguageTool as your writing assistant. Not only will this advanced spelling, grammar, and style checker help you craft pristine texts, but it will also ensure your tone fits the intended purpose of your project. 

Try it today and start writing magnificently!

Quick Summary

A protagonist is the main or primary character in a story, movie, or play. There are different types of protagonists, including the hero or heroine, the antihero, the villainous protagonist, and more.

While usually a secondary character, an antagonist plays a major role by creating conflict, obstacles, and challenges for the protagonist to overcome.

Writing a story is no easy feat. But knowing what the terms protagonist and antagonist mean can help ensure strong character development. And even if you aren’t working on a creative project, understanding these words can enhance your vocabulary, enabling more effective communication. 

Below, we’ll cover what protagonist and antagonist mean and provide examples to help you get a clearer picture. 

Let’s begin!

What Is a “Protagonist”? (With Examples)

The word protagonist carries a few definitions, although all similar. In storytelling, a protagonist is the main character who faces the most obstacles and whose decisions influence and progress the plot.

In my literature class, we debated who is the best fictional protagonist of all time. 

When people hear the word protagonist, they often think of one specific type—the hero or heroine of the story, like Superman or Wonder Woman. Although protagonists are typically the heroes of the narratives, there are a few other types of protagonists. 

Antihero

An antihero (or antiheroine) protagonist is the story’s main character, who lacks standard heroic characteristics, like bravery, honesty, and selflessness. An example of an antihero is Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean. 

Tragic Hero

A tragic hero is the main character of a tragedy, a branch of drama that focuses on human suffering and the unfortunate and sorrowful events that happen.Romeo Montague in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is an example of a tragic hero. 

Villainous Protagonist

A villainous protagonist is the story’s main character who propels the plot forward but has evil qualities, such as selfishness, cruelty, and dishonesty. An example of this is Humbert Humbert in Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita. 

Supporting Protagonist

A supporting protagonist is a character who, while not the main focus of the story, offers a unique perspective on the main plot and primary protagonist. An example of a supporting protagonist is Bilbo Baggins from The Hobbit. 

The term protagonist also has other meanings outside the literary world. It can refer to “the leading person in an event” or an “active supporter of a movement or policy.” 

She was undoubtedly the protagonist of the competition, taking home three of the five trophies. 

During the negotiations, the ambassador emerged as the protagonist, working hard to bring the parties to agreement. 

He was a protagonist in the school choice movement, dedicating years of his life to ensuring parents explored all possible schooling options. 

Synonyms for “Protagonist”

Below, you’ll find synonyms for protagonist that fit its various uses.

“Protagonist” meaning “main character”:

Central character

In the novel, the central character struggles to understand her family’s dynamics. 

In the novel, the protagonist struggles to understand her family’s dynamics. 

Lead

In the play, the lead’s personal conflicts set the stage for the rest of the show. 

In the play, the protagonist’s conflicts set the stage for the rest of the show. 

Main character

The movie’s main character embarks on a funny, wild, and surprising journey. 

The movie’s protagonist embarks on a funny, wild, and surprising journey. 

Main figure

The story’s main figure faces numerous obstacles. 

The story’s protagonist faces numerous obstacles. 

Principal role

The book revolves around the young principal role who defies societal expectations. 

The book revolves around the young protagonist who defies societal expectations. 

“Protagonist” meaning “the leading person in an event”:

Chief participant

He was the chief participant in the latest innovations.

He was the protagonist in the latest innovations. 

Leading participant

The leading participant of the international conference played a crucial role. 

The protagonist in the international conference played a crucial role. 

Leading player

He was the leading player and the reason the team won the championship.

He was the protagonist and the reason the team won the championship.

Key figure

As the key figure of the summit, he played a crucial role in shaping the schedule. 

As the protagonist of the summit, he played a crucial role in shaping the schedule. 

“Protagonist” meaning “active supporter of a movement or policy”

Advocate

She has been an advocate of promoting renewable energy. 

She has been a protagonist of promoting renewable energy. 

Champion

As a champion for election integrity, he influenced many to join the cause. 

As a protagonist for election integrity, he influenced many to join the cause.

Leading supporter

He was the leading supporter of the program and brought significant changes to the company. 

He was the protagonist of the program and brought significant changes to the company. 

Proponent

Lily was known as the proponent of the campaign for digital privacy rights. 

Lily was known as the protagonist of the campaign for digital privacy rights. 

Spokesperson

The organization’s spokesperson gave a speech at their yearly charity drive.

The organization’s protagonist gave a speech at their yearly charity drive. 

Now that we’ve thoroughly reviewed what protagonist means, let’s look at its antonym or opposite word—antagonist. 

What Is an “Antagonist”? 

An antagonist is the protagonist’s main rival. It is the character that works against the leading character’s goals and creates conflict.

It’s always surprising when a movie’s antagonist wins. 

Many people claim he was the film’s antagonist, but I think he was just misunderstood. 

At first, I thought the character was the antagonist, but it turns out he’s actually one of the protagonists. 

There are a few different types of antagonists.

The Villain

The standard antagonist is the story’s villain or the character that works against the protagonist. They are typically associated with immorality, selfishness, dishonesty, and other bad traits. 

The key difference between a villain protagonist and an antagonist is that, despite evil qualities, the former is the main character, while the latter is a secondary character who challenges the protagonist. An example of an antagonist is Voldemort in the Harry Potter series.

The Force of Nature

Sometimes, the antagonist of a story is not a person but a natural disaster or any other element of nature that poses a significant threat to the protagonist. An example is the shark in the movie Jaws.

The Institution

It’s also possible for the antagonist to be an institution, like a corrupt government or oppressive society, that enforces rules that the protagonist struggles against. The government in George Orwell’s novel 1984 is an example of this type of antagonist.

The Internal Antagonist

In some cases, the antagonist is the inner world of the protagonists themselves. The thoughts, inner demons, personal flaws, or moral dilemmas can create conflict that the protagonist must overcome. An example would be Tony Stark in the Iron Man movies, as he often grapples with his ego, legacy as an arms manufacturer, and responsibilities as a hero.

Antagonist can also simply mean “one that opposes another.”

They’ve been political antagonists since the moment they began their campaigns. 

In the scientific world, antagonist can also refer to “a muscle that contracts with and limits the action of an agonist” or “a chemical that acts within the body to reduce the activity of another chemical substance.” 

When the arm is flexed, the biceps serve as the agonist muscles, while the triceps act as the antagonist muscles. 

Antihistamines work as antagonists by blocking the action of histamines in the body.

Synonyms of “Antagonist”

Here you can find a few words that can be used in place of antagonist when meaning “main rival of the protagonist.”

Adversary

In the chess tournament, Lourdes faced a seasoned adversary known for her strategic prowess.

In the chess tournament, Lourdes faced a seasoned antagonist known for her strategic prowess.

Opponent

The team’s opponent played tough in the final match.

The team’s antagonist played tough in the final match.

Rival

He had been his rival in business for decades.

He had been his antagonist in business for decades.

Nemesis

The hero faced his nemesis in a fierce final battle.

The hero faced his antagonist in a fierce final battle.

Foe

In the video game, I had trouble beating the dragon, which was the most challenging foe.

In the video game, I had trouble beating the dragon, which was the most challenging antagonist.

Become the Protagonist of Your Writing Journey

Now that you know what protagonist and antagonist mean, you can confidently begin your writing journey or engage in insightful discussions. Remember:

• A protagonist is the story’s main character, whose actions help propel the plot forward.
• An antagonist, while often a secondary character, is pivotal in creating compelling narratives by introducing challenges and conflicts for the protagonist to overcome.

As you write, envision yourself as the protagonist of the writing journey, and the potential spelling, grammar, and stylistic errors as the antagonists you must face. But thankfully, you have a formidable ally at your fingertips—LanguageTool.

As an advanced, AI-driven writing assistant, LanguageTool can help you craft stories with descriptive writing, ensuring that your work is error-free and engaging.

Try LanguageTool today and embrace your role as the hero of your writing journey

Quick Summary

The word literally means “actually” or “in a literal sense,” but it can also mean “virtually or in an exaggerated way.”

When it comes to English, there’s probably no topic more controversial than the use of the word literally. While one side fervently claims that there’s only one meaning, the other believes that words can evolve and have multiple definitions.

But who’s right? That’s what we’re here to uncover as we explore what one major linguistic authority has to say about the word literally.

What Does “Literally” Mean? 

A quick online search will show you that literally is an adverb that means “in a literal sense,” which is to say, “in a completely accurate way.” Think of it as a synonym for “actually.” 

When Evelyn claimed the company was on fire, she meant it literally; the main office was engulfed in flames. 

The fireworks literally lit up the sky. 

The lake literally froze overnight because the temperature dropped so rapidly.

However, if you check the Merriam-Webster dictionary, you’ll notice that it includes multiple definitions, one being “virtually; used in an exaggerated way to emphasize a statement or description that is not literally true or possible.” 

I’m so hungry that I could literally eat a horse. 

The book was so popular that copies were literally flying off the shelf. 

It’s so hot; I feel like I’m literally melting into this sidewalk.

Wait, what? How can the word literally have two contradictory meanings? Remember, this is English we’re dealing with. There are plenty of words, known as contronyms, that have opposite definitions. Knowing that, literally can technically be considered a contronym. 

But the second definition must be some new-age use that only recently became popular, right?

Actually, no. According to Merriam-Webster, using literally to add emphasis has been around since the 18th century and can be found in many renowned writers’ works, including Mark Twain, James Joyce, and many others. 

Lily, the caretaker's daughter, was literally run off her feet. Hardly had she brought one gentleman into the little pantry … than the wheezy hall-door bell clanged again and she had to scamper along the bare hallway to let in another guest.
—James Joyce, Dubliners, 1914

So, if you’re looking for a straightforward answer on what literally means, here it is: Literally can mean “actually or in a literal and accurate sense,” but it can also mean “virtually and in an exaggerated way.”

Synonyms for “Literally”

You should know that a few words carry similar connotations when using literally to mean “in a literal sense.” 

Actually

Jeff actually ran the marathon in under three hours, as he said he would. 

Jeff literally ran the marathon in under three hours, as he said he would.

Exactly

Cecilia followed the recipe exactly as it was written. 

Cecilia followed the recipe literally as it was written.

Factually

The story was factually correct in every detail. 

The story was literally correct in every detail.

Precisely

The fireworks began precisely at twelve. 

The fireworks began literally at twelve.

Really 

Some synonyms carry similar meanings to literally when used to mean “virtually and in an exaggerated way.”

Jordan and the kids said they really saw a shooting star last night.

Jordan and the kids said they literally saw a shooting star last night.

Essentially

These days, kids are essentially glued to their smartphones all day.

These days, kids are literally glued to their smartphones all day.

Figuratively

She figuratively died of laughter. 

She literally died of laughter.

Effectively

They effectively lived at the headquarters during the start of the project. 

They literally lived at the headquarters during the start of the project.

Practically

The beach town was practically completely underwater after the hurricane.

The beach town was literally completely underwater after the hurricane.

How To Use the Word “Literally” Correctly

You came here looking for answers on how to use the word literally correctly, so here’s what we recommend:

When writing or speaking in a professional or academic setting, only use literally in its primary meaning, “in an accurate or literal sense.” But in casual conversations, you don’t have to correct the use of literally when you or someone else uses it to mean “in effect or virtually.” Grammar purists may be seething at this recommendation, but bear in mind that the contested use of the word literally has been around since the 18th century. 

Yes, the multiple meanings of literally further prove how exasperating the English language can be. Luckily, there’s a way to ensure pristine word usage in your written work: by trusting LanguageTool’s paraphrasing tool. As an advanced, AI-driven writing assistant, this tool checks for spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors, and enhances style by optimizing tone and word choice. 

Try it today to literally take your writing to the next level.